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Theatrical property
A property, commonly shortened to prop (plural: props), is an object used on stage or on screen by actors during a performance or screen production. In practical terms, a prop is considered to be anything movable or portable on a stage or a set, distinct from the actors, scenery, costumes and electrical equipment. Consumable food items appearing in the production are also considered properties.
==Term==
The earliest known use of the term "properties" in the English language to refer to the appurtenances of the stage is in the 1425 CE Morality play, The Castle of Perseverance. The Oxford English Dictionary finds the first usage of "props" in 1841, while the singular form of "prop" appeared in 1911.〔prop, n./6; Third edition, September 2009; online version November 2010. ; accessed 13 January 2011. An entry for this word was first included in New English Dictionary, 1908.〕
During the Renaissance in Europe, small acting troupes functioned as cooperatives, pooling resources and dividing any income. Many performers provided their own costumes, but special items—stage weapons, furniture or other hand-held devices—were considered "company property"; hence the term "property."〔Eric Partridge ''Origins: A Short Etymological Dictionary of Modern English: Second Edition''. Random House 1959〕〔Kenneth Macgowan and William Melnitz ''The Living Stage''. Prentice-Hall 1955.〕 The relationship between "property" in the sense of ownership and "property" in the sense of a stage or screen object imply that they "belong" to whoever uses them on stage.〔
There is no difference between props in different media, such as theatre, film, or television. Bland Wade, a properties director, says, "A coffee cup onstage is a coffee cup on television, is a coffee cup on the big screen." He adds, "There are definitely different responsibilities and different vocabulary."
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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